Science education has gained more significance in the present day context due the remarkable progress in the field of science and technology. Development of pedagogy hasalso been taking place along with these advancements.
Latest vision on pedagogy directs learning as a continuous, comprehensive, and life long process. Secondary level is so crucial in the life of alearner as the future of any nation depend on the strength of educational foundation at secondary level. So as to ensure mastery learning of Science at secondary stage, this book provides in-depth knowledge with suitable examples and simple description the characteristics of a secondary level learner, basics of learning, planning for teaching learning process, instructional strategies for science, tools and techniques for evaluation, classroom management etc. The book will be of immense use for pre-service and in-service teachers.
Dr Baiju K Nathis associated with Department of Education, University of Calicut, Kerala. He has nearly 27 years teaching experience of Scienceat various levels — secondary, senior secondary, college of secondary teacher education and in the university department.He has to his credit 65 research papers in reputed international and national journals. His Ph.D., was on the in-service training of secondary level biology teachers.
Contents
UNIT 1
Learner at Secondary Level - Psychological Considerations
Chapter 1: Stages of Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development — Important Considerations by Piaget; Four Stages of Cognitive Development; Cognitive Development — Implications to Class Room Learning; Vygotsky’s Postulates on Learner and Learning
Chapter 2: Learner’s Characteristics
Important Characteristics of Learners at Secondary Level; Unique Characteristics of Secondary Level Pupils — Early Adolescence; Exceptional Children; Learning Disabilities
Chapter 3: Teaching the Learner
Needs of the Learner; Selecting Suitable Teaching Strategies
UNIT 2
Planning for Teaching Science at Secondary Level
Chapter 4: Long Term Planning and Unit Planning
Long Term Planning
Meaning; Components of a Long term Plan; Steps in Long Term Planning; Use of Long Term Planning; A Format of Long term Plan
Unit Planning
Meaning; Components of a Unit Plan; Structure of Unit Plan; Model Unit Plan
Chapter 5: Lesson Planning
Meaning; Components of a Lesson Plan; Steps in Lesson Planning; Lesson Plan — An Illustration
UNIT 3
Pedagogical Analysis of Secondary Level Science
Chapter 6: Principles of Pedagogical Analysis
Meaning; Principles of Pedagogical AnalysisChapter 7: Illustrations of Pedagogical Analysis
Chemical Co-ordination in Plants; Environmental Pollution
UNIT 4
Instructional Strategies in Science
Chapter 8: Concept Attainment Model
Concept Attainment Model; Model of Teaching; Thinking Strategies; Application; Effects; Types of Concept Attainment Model
Chapter 9: Advance Organizer Model
Meaning; Types; Advance Organizer Model of Teaching; Application of the Model; Effects of the Model
Chapter 10 : Biological Science Inquiry Model
Meaning of Inquiry; How to Develop Inquiry Attitude; Model of Teaching; Application of the Model; Effects of the Model
Chapter 11 : Cognitive Growth Model
Meaning of Cognitive Growth; Principles of Teaching;
Model of Teaching
Chapter 12: Group Investigation Model
Meaning; Basic Concepts of Group Investigation; Model of Teaching; Application of the Model; Effects of the Model
Chapter 13 : Mastery Learning
Mastery Learning Strategy; Teaching Strategy;
Steps in Mastery Learning; Illustration of Mastery Learning
UNIT 5
Media and Materials for Teaching Science
Chapter 14 : Laboratory
Aims and Objectives of Science laboratory; Science Laboratory — Features; Designing Science Laboratory; Safety Precautions in a Science Laboratory; Management of Science Laboratory
Chapter 15: Learning Aids
Concept; Types of Learning Aids; Improvisation of Learning Aids; Effective Utilization of Learning Aids
Chapter 16: Accessory Learning Aids
Meaning; Science Museum; Herbarium; Aquarium; Terrarium; Green House
Chapter 17 : Community Resources
Concept of Community Resources; Major Community Resources; Scope of Community Resources in Teaching Science; Model Schedule to Utilise Community Resources
Chapter 18: Extended Curricular Activities
Meaning; Important Extended Curricular Activities; Science Club; Science Exhibition; Science Quiz; Field Trips; Science Projects
Chapter 19: Resource Unit
Components of Resource Unit; Steps in Developing a Resource Unit; Illustrative Model of a Resource Unit
UNIT 6
Strategies of Evaluation in Science
Chapter 20 : Meaning of Evaluation
Concept of Evaluation; Why Evaluation; What is to be Evaluated; How to Evaluate; Types of Tests; Minimum Levels of Learning; Internal Assessment
Chapter 21: Test Construction
Phases of Testing; Types of Test Items; Selection Type Item Formats; Planning for Testing; Preparing Test Question Paper
Chapter 22: Self Reporting Techniques
Concept; Inventories; Questionnaire; Opinionnaire; Check List
Chapter 23 : Observational Techniques
Observational Checklist; Rating Scales; Anecdotal Records; Situational Tests
Chapter 24: Miscellaneous Techniques
Analysis of Records and Documents; Interview; Illustrative Interview Schedule; Sociometry; Sociogram; Other Techniques
Chapter 25: Case Study
Concept of Case Study; Identification of a Case; Steps in a Case Study; Essentials Aspects of a Case Study; Case Study — An Illustration
Chapter 26: Scoring and Grading
Scoring
Concept; Steps in Scoring; Planning for Scoring
Grading
Meaning; Bases of Grading; Procedure of Grading
Chapter 27 : Diagnostic Testing and Remedial Teaching
Diagnostic Testing
Meaning of Diagnostic Testing; Planning and Developing a Diagnostic Test; Preparation of Diagnostic Chart and Diagnosing Weaknesses
Remedial Teaching
Meaning of Remedial Teaching; Organising Remedial Teaching
Chapter 28: Self Evaluation
Self Evaluation Concept; Purpose of Self Evaluation; Methods of Self Evaluation
UNIT 7
Classroom Management
Chapter 29: Aspects of Class Room Management
Meaning; Discipline and Classroom Management; Characteristics of Teacher and Classroom Management; Classroom Climate and Class room Management
Chapter 30: Problems in Classroom Management
Indiscipline — Meaning; Causes of Indiscipline; Overcoming the Causes of Indiscipline
Chapter 31: Procedure of Classroom Management
Guidelines for Better Classroom Management;
Discipline Developing Activities; Criteria for Selecting Discipline Developing Activities
References