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US NATIONAL SECURITY

STRUGGLE FOR SUPREMACY IN POLICY MAKING: 1969-1989

Year: 2003

Bibliography:

x + 222 pp

ISBN: 9788175411302

Price: $30

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About the Book

Ever since John. F. Kennedy became President in 1961 there has been a phenomenal growth of tensions between President's Secretary of State and his National Security Adviser. Secretaries of State have come to rely on their constitutional and institutional status to claim their primacy, while National Security Advisers have been driven by their tremendous influence drawn from being President's additional eyes, ears and brain in making of national security policy. Their proximity to President and expertise in national security has been their additional assets.

This book reveals that under the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan tensions turned into a struggle for supremacy in policy making. The author discusses in-depth causes for the struggle and suggests certain remedial steps. He draws heavily from his personal interviews with the policy makers of the time.

This work would be interest to those who shape Indian foreign policy, and to all those interested in American security policy.

 


About Author

P. M. Kamath retired Professor of Politics, University of Bombay, is an authority on national security and security policy making in the US and India. He worked in the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University (1976-77) and Georgetown University (1982-83) on Fulbright fellowships and worked on Iran - Contra affair in the Brookings Institution and taught in Florida International University in 1987. He is a recipient of numerous awards and fellowships from India and abroad. He visited Germany, Britain and France to understand their national security policy making. Currently he is the Hon. Director, VPMs Centre for International Affairs, Mumbai.
 


Contents

Contents Acknowledgements, Introduction: Policy-making in Closed and Open Politics Models: Inevitability Conflicts?

National Security Policy-Making: President and His Advisers; President Needs Advice; Cabinet versus NSC; Development and Growth of the NSC; Triad of National Security Policy Advice; Secretary of State; Secretary of Defence; National Security Adviser; Origin and Growth of the Office; Role Evaluation; Decline of the NSC
Nixon: Kissinger from the Beginning to the End : Rogers; Kissinger; NSC Structure and Kissinger's Role in it; Kissinger's Dominance; Policy Conflicts; China Initiative; China in the UN; Polo II and Rogers; Nixon's visit to China; Bangladesh War;

Ford: Non-Competitive Model under Scowcroft: Closed Politics under Nixon-Kissinger Discredited; Kissinger in Dual Role; Scowcroft as National Security Adviser; James Schlesinger; Mayaguez Crisis; Decision-Making; Roles Analysed

Carter: Vance or Brzezinski? Brzezinski; Anti-Kissingerisrn; Brzezinski's NSC Staff; Brzezinski Asserts after Uncertain Beginning/IDS; Normalisation of Relations with China; Brzezinski goes to China; Iranian Hostage Crisis; Asylum to the Shah; Military Rescue Mission: Planning and Execution; Enter Muskie

Reagan: Who is in Charge? Secretary of State; First Year: Uncertain Mandate; President was Shot; Power without Trust; Allen: Powerless Adviser; Weinberger; Edwin Meese III; William J. Casey NSC set-up under Reagan; Crisis Management? Conflict Analysed; El Salvador; AWACS to Saudis; Clark replaces Allen; Clark vs. Haig; Soviet Pipeline Project; Israeli Attack on Lebanon; George Schultz

Struggle for Supremacy: Causes, Consequences; Openness; NSA' s Proximity to the President; Adviser's Expertise; President's Distrust of Bureaucracy; Congressional Role; Media; Executive Privilege; NSC-State Structure; Foreign Government; Consequences; State Department Living Burial; Kissinger and the State; State Department under Vance-Brzezinski Feud. Uncertain Greatness; Centralisation; Make State the main adviser on Foreign Policy; National Security Adviser as a Co-ordinator; Vice-President as National Security Adviser; Whither NSC?

Post Script: National Security Policy-Making The Case of Iran-Contra Affairs; Nature of the Case: Lid Opens; Contras Case; Boland Amendment; The Show Must Go On; Operational Mechanism; Iran Initiative/l Secret Mission to Teheran; Iran-Contra: Inseparable Linkages; Actors in the Covert Drama; Robert McFarlane; Poindexter; Oliver North; North's Testimony; Financial Wrong doing Poindexter Trial; An Analysis of Role of Different Officials George P. Shultz; Caspar Weinberger; Edwin Meese III William Casey; George Bush; President Reagan; Democratic Cover-up; Reagan's Involvement; Laws violated; Misuse of Trust; Congressional Role Index
 


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