This book provides guidelines, strategies and writing activities to help in developing academic writing skills and confidence among academic writers and researchers in expressing themselves in their writing. It provides an overview of the knowledge, skills and good working practices needed to craft plagiarism free writings in the ‘academic style’.
The book is divided into chapters and tasks, which can be referred to complete the different stages of academic writing task. A unique feature of the book is that different tasks, examples and figures have been used to clear the concepts and procedures related to academic writing. The book may be found useful by the researchers and all the stakeholders in education.
Dr. Noushad Husain is Professor and Principal in Maulana Azad National Urdu University (MANUU), College of Teacher Education (CTE), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh). He also served as Dean, School of Education and Training and HoD, Department of Education and Training, MANUU, Hyderabad. He has written extensively on different areas of Higher Education and is the author/editor of numerous books and chapters therein, articles and professional papers. Prof. Noushad has presented numerous papers in several national and international seminars and conferences and many of his research papers and articles have been published in various reputed journals. He is actively engaged in research, training, consultancy, and social service programmes.
Concept and Principles of Academic Writing
Writing ; Academic Writing ; Meaning of Academic Writing ;Definitions ; Purpose of Academic Writing ; General Characteristicsof Academic Writing ; Characteristics of Academic Writing ;Key Terms of Academic Writing ; Features of Academic Writing ;Principles of Academic Writing ; Structure of Academic Writing ;Stages of the Academic Writing ; Heterogeneity of Academic Writing; Academic Disciplines and Disciplinary Domains ; Variation in Preferred Genres and Text Types ; Writing in Different AcademicDisciplines ; Check List for Academic Writing
2. Genres in Academic Writing
Definition of Genre ; Academic Genres ; Definitions of Academic Genres ; Function of Genre ; Purpose of Academic Genre ;Types of Genres ; Abstract ; Annotated Bibliography ;Article Review ; Blog ; Book Review ; Case Report ;Case Studies ; Critique ; Data Papers ; Document Analysis ;Encyclopaedia Article ; Essays ; Field Report ;Grant Proposals ; Laboratory Report ; Letters ;Literature Review ; Manifesto ; Policy Memo ;Position Paper ; Posters ; Reports ; Research Article (RA) ;Research Notes ; Research Proposal ; Review Articles ;Scholarly Article ; Supplemental Articles ;Textbooks ; Thesis
3. Structure of Academic Texts
Three-Part Essay Structure ; IMRAD Structure
4. Forms of Writing
Descriptive Writing ; Example of Descriptive Writing ; Narrative Writing ; Example of Narrative Writing ;Expository Writing ; Example of Expository Writing ; Persuasive/Argumentative Writing ; Example of Persuasive/Argumentative Writing /; Creative Writing ; Reflective Writing ; Example of Basic Reflective Writing ; Difference between Reflective Writing and Academic Writing ;Connection of Personal Experience to Specific Content in Reflective Writing ; Personal Writing ; Technical Writing ; ProductOriented Writing vs. Process Oriented Writing ; Difference between Process Oriented Writing and Product Oriented Writing ;Print Writing vs. Web Writing ; Print Writing ; Web Writing ;Difference between Print Writing and Web Writing ; Principles of Web Writing ; Features of Good Web Writing ; Critical Writing ;Activities of Critical Writing ; Academic vs Non-academic Writing ;Examples of Non-Academic Writing
5. Writing an Academic Essay
What is an Essay? ; Definitions of Essay ;Why to Write Essay ; Answering Questions: Parts of an Essay ;Structure of Essay ; Types of Essay ; Outline of Expository Essay ;Format of an Essay
6. Introduction and Conclusion
Introduction ; Purpose of Introduction ; Functions of an Introduction ; Structure of the Introduction ;Writing an Introduction ; Stages of an Introduction ;Sentence Types in Introduction Paragraphs ; Checklist for Introduction ; Conclusion ; Purpose of Conclusion ;Functions of Conclusion ; Writing a Conclusion ;Stages of Conclusion ; Sentence Types in Conclusion Paragraphs ;Checklist for Conclusion
7. Citation and Referencing
Citation ; What is Citing? ; What is a Citation? ;Parts of a Citation ; Citation: Why and When ; Why should I Cite my Sources? ; When should I Cite? ; What to Cite ;Are there Situations When I Do Not Have to Cite? ; Reference ;What is a Reference? ; What is Referencing? ; Why is Referencing Used in Academic Writing? ; Elements of a Reference ;What is a Reference List? ; What is a Bibliography? ; Why We Cite and Reference? ; Citations ; In-text Citation ;Rules of In-text Citing as per APA Style ; Difference between a Citation and a Reference ; Referencing Styles ; Types of Citing Referencing Styles ; Faculty-wise/Subject-wise List of Citing and Referencing Styles ; Rules of References as per APA Style
8. Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarising Purpose of Quotations, Paraphrases and Summaries ; Quoting ;When to Use Quoting? ; How do I show what I am quoting? ;Advantages of Quoting ; Paraphrasing ; When to Use Paraphrasing? /; How do I Paraphrase? ; Advantages of Paraphrasing ;Types of Paraphrasing ; Strategies for Paraphrasing ;Summarising ; When to Use Summarising? ; How doI Summarise? ; Advantages of Summarising ; Difference between Paraphrasing and Summarising
9. Citing, Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarising Authors
Citing Authors ; APA Author-date Referencing Style ; Reporting Words for Authors ; Steps for Citing ; Quoting Authors ;Types of Quotations ; Paraphrasing Authors ; Assessing your Paraphrase ; Steps for Paraphrasing ; Summarising Authors ;What is a Summary? ; What is Summarising? ; Assessing Your Summary ; Steps for Summarising
10. Rhetorical Modes in Academic Writing: Arguing and Discussing
What is Rhetoric? ; What is Mode? ; What are Rhetorical Modes? ; Types of Rhetorical Modes ; Argumentation and Persuasion ; Arguing and Discussing in Academic Writing ;What is Argument? ; Definition of Argument ; Types of Argument ; Parts of an Argument ; Models of Argument ;Classical Argument Model ; Rogerian Argument Model ;Approaches for Presenting an Argument ; Meaning of Discussion ;Comparison between Argument and Discussion
11. Academic Integrity
Meaning of Academic Integrity ; Definitions of Academic Integrity ;Pillars of Academic Integrity ; Principles of Academic Integrity ;How to Maintain Academic Integrity? ; Strategies for Acting with Integrity ; Promotion of Academic Integrity and Prevention of Plagiarism in Higher Educational Institutions—UGC Regulations, 8 ;Academic Misconduct ; Academic Dishonesty ; Causes of Academic Dishonesty ; How to Avoid Academic Dishonesty
12. Avoiding Plagiarism
What is Plagiarism? ; Definitions of Plagiarism ; Examples of Plagiarism ; Types of Plagiarism ; To Reference orNot to Reference ; Ways to Avoid Plagiarism ;Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism
13. Editing and Proofreading in Academic Writing
Editing ; Definitions of Editing ; Goals of Editing ;Criteria for Editing Text ; Benefits of Editing ; Types of Editing ;Levels of Editing ; Proofreading ; Definitions of Proofreading ;Aims of Proofreading ; Common Mistakes with Grammar and Language Related to Proofreading ; Common Errors related to Typography ;Difference between Editing and Proofreading
Annexture I: Elements of Academic Writing
Annexture II: Language Accuracy in Academic Writing
Bibliography