English hasundoubtedly become a Global Language. With the increasing role of ICT in the changing society, a vital contact with English language has become a fundamental necessity. Not being Mother-tongue, teaching-learning English has always been a challenging task.
Written in a simple, clear and lucid language, the book describes the role of teachers in developing the linguistic skills among the learners. The issues of linguistic variations and regional differences have been discussed deeply in the book. It highlights the importance of selecting appropriate teaching methods and techniques, and discusses the pedagogical aspects in detail. The book also provides in-depth analysis of remedial English. It has drawn the significance of various co-curricular activities to learn English in an easy and effective manner. The book may be found as an effective text-book for the students of Education.
Dr. (Mrs) Parveen Sharma, Associate Professor in Hindu College of Education, Sonepat(Haryana) has over 31 years teaching experience in Education. She has also worked as Principal at RLS College of Education Sidhrawali, Gurgaon, Haryana for a year. She is a prolific writer and has to her credit many booklets of IGNOU and books on Education. She has contributed widely to journals of National and International level.She has been associated with designing courses in ‘Teaching of English’ and ‘Contemporary India and Education’.
Preface
1. Nature of Language
Concept ; Meaning of Language ; Nature of Language ; Varieties of Language
2. Importance of Language
The History of English Education in India ; Importance of English Language ; Future of English in India
3. Functions of Language
Expressive Function ; The Informative Function ; Communicative Function ; Directive Function ; Interaction Function ; Evolutionary Function ; Preservation Function
4. Linguistic Principles
Correct Language Standards ; Principle of Selection and Gradation ; Multiple Line of Approach ; Structural Approach to Language Teaching ; Principle of Imitation ; Principle of Accuracy ; Principle of Naturalness ; Maintenance of Interest ; Principle of Motivation ; Principle of Habit-formation and Intensive Practice ; Balanced Approach
Maxims of Teaching
5. Aims and Objectives of Teaching English
To Understand Spoken English ; To Speak English ; To Read English ; To Write English ; Aims of Teaching English at the Junior Level ; Aims of Teaching English at the Senior Level ; Some other Aims of Teaching English at the Senior Secondary Level ; Difference between Aims and Objectives ; Objectives of Teaching English ; Characteristics of Good Objectives ; Objectives at Junior Level
6. Stating Objectives in Behavioural Terms
Characteristics of Behavioural Objectives ; Procedure for Writing Behavioural Objectives ; Taxonomy of Educational Objectives ; Bloom’s Taxonomy of Instructional Objectives ; Interrelationship between Different Domains ; Methods of Writing Objectives in Behavioural Terms ; Instructional Objectives and Recent Changes ; Understanding Education ; Relevance of Taxonomy of Objective ; Principles for the Statement of Instructional Objectives ; Methods of Writing Objectives in Behavioural Terms ; NCERT Approach ; Writing Behavioural Objectives for Teaching English
7. Philosophical, Social and Psychological Bases of Language Learning
Psychological Basis of Language Learning ; Linguistic Basis of Language Learning ; Social Basis of Language Learning ; Philosophical Bases of Language Learning
8. Teaching of Prose
Aims of Teaching Prose ; Specific Aims ; What is Involved? ; Understanding a Paragraph ; Using a Text ; How to Teach a Passage Intensively? ; Extensive Reading ;
9. Teaching of Poetry
Some Thoughts on Poetry ; Should Poetry be a Classroom Teaching-Learning Subject? ; Difference between Prose and Poetry ; How to Teach Poetry? ;
10. Teaching of Composition
Aims of Teaching Composition ; What is Required? ; Types of Composition ; Stages for Teaching Composition ; Exercises in Controlled/Guided Composition ; Exercises in Free composition ; Correction of Composition
11. Teaching of Grammar
What is Grammar? ; Why Study Grammar? ; Types of Grammar ; Approach to Teaching Grammar ; Eclectic Approach ; Suggestions for Successful Teaching of Grammar
12. Pedagogical Analysis: Based on Unit Analysis
What is Analysis? ; What is a Unit? ; Meaning of Unit Approach (Morrison Approach) ; How to Plan Unit Method ; Limitations of Unit Method ; Fixing up Objectives for the Unit ; Learning Experiences ; Methods of Teaching ; Teaching Aids ; Evaluation ; Design of a Question Paper of a Unit Test ; Blue Print ; Model Pedagogical Lesson-Plan Tables ;
13. Microteaching Skills
Meaning of Microteaching ; Definitions of Microteaching
Characteristics of Microteaching ; Steps in Microteaching
Principles of Microteaching ; How many Skills?
Questioning Skill ; Explaining Skill ; Illustration Skill
Stimulus Variation Skill
Micro Lesson Plan—I ; Micro Lesson Plan—II ; Micro Lesson Plan—III ; Micro Lesson Plan—IV
14. Major Methods of Teaching
Meaning of Method ; Translation-cum-Grammar Method ; Direct Method ; Bilingual Method ; Audio Lingual Method of English ; The Best Method? ;
15. Approaches of Teaching English
Structural Approach ; Situational Approach ; Linguistic and Communicative Approach ; Project Approach
At Junior Level ; At Senior Level
Inductive-Deductive Approach ; Whole Language Approach Learning by Imitation and Whole Method ; Constructivist Approach to Learning ; Multilingual Approach to Language Teaching
16. Development of Linguistic Skills
Development of Linguistic Skills ; Development of Linguistic Skill of Listening
Listening as Stimulus ; Characteristics of an effective Oral Skills Lesson ; Listening as Input ; Advantages of Oral Work ; Suggestions for Good Oral Work ; Importance of Drill in Listening and Speaking Practice ; Types of Drills
Development of Linguistic Skill of Speaking
Objectives of Teaching Speaking Skills ; Learners’ Activities ; Role of the Teacher in a Speaking Class
What is R.P.? ; Phonetics ; Methods of Teaching English Pronunciation ; Teaching Pronunciation ; English Sound System ; Consonant Sounds ; Suggestions for Good Pronunciation ; Voiced and Voiceless Sounds ; Basic Components of Speech
Development of Linguistic Skill of Reading
Reasons for Reading ; Meaning of Reading ; Mechanics of Reading ; Characteristics of ReadingDifferent Stages in Reading ; Methods of Teaching-Reading ; Reading Problems ; Suggestions for Improvement
Development of the Linguistic Skill of Writing
What is Writing? ; Aspects of Writing Skill ; Mechanics of Writing ; Characteristics of Good Handwriting ; Choice of Script ; How is Writing Different from Speech? ; Creating a Natural Learning Environment for Writing ; Process of Writing ; Suggestions for Improving Handwriting ; Writing Skills ; English Spellings ; Writing Skills: Activities ; Writing Skills: Study Skills ; Reference Skills
17. Instructional Material
Importance of Instructional Material and Their Effective Use ; Meaning of Audio-Visual Aids ; Importance of Teaching Aids ; Use of Audio-Visual Aids ; Principles in the Use of Audio-Visual Aids ; Use of the Following Teaching Aids
Various Types of Teaching Aids
18. Co-curricular Activities
Concept ; Importance ; The Written Aspect:Wall Paper, Manuscripts and Magazines ; Association of English Teachers ; Dramatics or Dramatisation ; Usefulness of language games ; Language Activity ; Class Debates ; Discussion ; Think-Tank Sessions ; Photo Language Session ; The Picture File ; Class Inquiry Office ; Original Story Writing ; Field Trips ; English Club ; The School Assembly ; The House System ; Interpreting ; Resource Book for Speaking Activities
19. Basic Principles of Testing English
General Principles of Testing English ; Test ; Examination ; Measurement ; Evaluation ; Difference between Measurement and Evaluation
20. Comprehensive and Continuous Evaluation in English
Meaning of Continuous Evaluation ; Characteristics of Continuous Evaluation ; Advantages of Continuous Evaluation ; Continuous Evaluation and Techniques of Assessment ; Evaluation in English ; Self Assessment and Peer Assessment ; Using Portfolio for Subjective Assessment ; Cloze Test ; Group Evaluation ; Using Assessment Rubrics ; Record Keeping ; Limitations of Comprehensive and Continuous Evaluation
21. Digital Portfolio: Use of ICT
Use of ICT ; Competency ; Use of ICT— A Challenge ; How Does ICT Help Teachers ; Word Processor ; Database Management and Spreadsheet Applications ; Multimedia Presentation ; Using the World Wide Web ; Radio ; Mobile Communication ; Teacher’s Role in Technology Integration ; What Should Your Multimedia Based Lesson Plan Include? / Bloom’s Taxonomy ; Concept of Scaffolding
22. Characteristics of Good Text Book
Importance of English Textbooks ; Characteristics of Good Textbooks
23. Development of Good Test Items in English (Objective
Type, Short Answer Type and Essay Type)
Attributes of a Good Test ; Characteristics of Good Test in English ; Some Details about Questions
24. Remedial and Enrichment Control of Aural, Oral, Reading
and Writing Skills
Remedial Teaching: Meaning ; Objectives of Remedial Work ; Who and How Much? ; Errors in Reading ; Errors of Language Learning ; Some Major Sources of Errors ; Speech Errors ; Errors in Writing ; Common Mistakes ; Remedial English
25. Preparation of an Achievement Test
Meaning of Achievement Test ; Types of Achievement Test ; Use of Achievement Test ; Limitations of Achievement Tests ; Preparation of Test ; Characteristics of a Good Test in English ; Steps in Test Conducting
26. Lesson Planning
Need of Lesson Planning ; Herbertian Steps of Planning ; Three Phases of Planning ; Characteristics of a Good Lesson Plan ; Sample of Achievement Tests
Glossary
Bibliography
Revision Questions