Commerce is an important subject in this ever increasing competitive world. And if its teaching-learning is dynamic, the growth of nation may be faster.
The book is essentially learner oriented and makes a comprehensive and critical exposition of all facets of teaching commerce. It offers practical suggestions for making the teaching learning process effective, inspirational and interesting. It is hoped that this book should be of considerable interest to the teachers, teacher educators and curriculum planners.
Dr Rainu Gupta started her career as a lecturer in M.D.S.D. Girls College, Ambala City in 1979 and thereafter worked in different institutions, and presently teaching at Hindu College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana. She has been guiding research scholars in education for several years and has published many research papers and books on education.
Preface to the Second Revised Edition iii
1. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Commerce
Introduction
Meaning of Commerce
Definitions of Commerce
Characteristics of Commerce
Components of Commerce
Nature of Commerce
Scope of Commerce
Limitations of Commerce
2. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Business Studies and Accountancy
Meaning of Business Studies
Characteristics of Business Studies
Classification of Business Activities
Scope of Business Studies
Meaning of Accountancy
Definitions of Accounting
Characteristics of Accounting
Nature of Accountancy
Scope of Accountancy
Limitations of Accountancy
3. Place of Commerce in Secondary School Curriculum
4. Aims, Objectives and Values of Teaching Commerce
Aims of Teaching
Objectives of Teaching
Aims of Teaching Commerce
Objectives of Teaching Commerce
Objectives of Teaching Accountancy
Objectives of Business Studies
Importance of Accountancy
Importance of Business Studies
Values of Teaching Commerce
5. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Objectives
Cognitive Domain
Affective Domain
Psychomotor Domain
6. Writing Instructional Objectives in Behavioural Terms
Defining Objectives
Writing Defined Objectives in Behavioural Terms
7. Curriculum of Commerce
Meaning of Curriculum
Concepts Related to Curriculum
Characteristics of Curriculum
Difference between Syllabus and Curriculum
Importance of Curriculum
Bases of Curriculum Construction
Development of Curriculum in Commerce
Principles of Curriculum Construction
Critical Appraisal of Curriculum of Commerce
Suggestions for the Improvement of Curriculum
8. Commerce Text Book
Definitions
Characteristics of Text Book
Need and Importance
Qualities of a Good Text Book
Defects of Existing Text-Book of Commerce
Criteria for the Evaluation of Text-Books
Role of Library and Reference Books in Teaching of Commerce
Changing Role of Libraries
Contents of a Commerce Library
9. Self Instructional Modules in Teaching Commerce
Individualized Self Instructional Modules
Forms of Individualized self Instruction Module
Group Directed Self Instructional Modules
Elements of Group Directed Instructions
Procedure/Steps of Group Directed Self Instructions
10. Self Instructional Material in Commerce
Meaning of Instructional Material
Need and Importance of Instructional Material
Criterion for the selection of Effective Instructional Material
Difficulties and Problems in the use of Instructional Material
Classification of Instructional Material
Projected Material
Non-projected Material
Use of Various Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning of Commerce
Films
Television
Computers
Chart
Graphs
Model
Tables
Original Material
Internet
11. Instructional Strategies and Methods of Teaching Commerce
Instructional Strategy
Importance of Instructional Strategies
Instructional Method
Difference between Instructional Strategy and Method
Classification of Methods
Discussion Method
Project method
Problem solving method
Socialized Recitation Method
Supervised Study Method
Lecture Method
Lecture Cum Discussion Method
Role Playing Method
Selection of a Good Method / Strategy
12. Specific Approaches of Teaching Book-keeping
Principles of Teaching Book-keeping
Instructional Objectives of Book-keeping
Approaches of Teaching Book-keeping
13. Skills in Teaching Commerce
Classification of Skills
Skill of Reinforcement
Skill of Probing Questions
Skill of Explaining
Skill of Illustration With Examples
Skill of Stimulus Variation
Skill of Classroom Management
14. Commerce Teacher
Qualities of a Commerce Teacher
Role of the Teacher in Teaching Commerce
15. Co-Curricular Activities
Objectives of Co-curricular Activities
Type of Co-curricular Activities
Principles Underlying Organisation of Co-Curricular Activities
Need and Importance of Co-curricular Activities
Role and Organisation of Some Co-curricular Activities in Teaching of Commerce
Commerce Club
Debate
Field Trips or Excursion
16. Evaluation in Commerce
Meaning of Evaluation
Definition
Characteristics of Evaluation
Objectives/Purposes of Evaluation in Commerce
Need and Importance of Evaluation
Methods of Evaluation
Types of Evaluation
Tools and Techniques of Evaluation
Quantitative Techniques
1. Essay Type Tests
2. Objective Type Test
3. Short Answer Type Test
Qualitative Techniques
1. Observation
2. Diagnostic Test
3. Cumulative Records
17. Achievement Test
Definition
Characteristics of Achievement Test
Purposes of Achievement Test
Uses of Achievement Test
Scope/Areas of Achievement Tests
Types of Achievement Test
Difference Between Standardised and Teacher Made Achievement Test
Construction/Preparation of Achievement Tests
Coverage of Assessment Objectives
Coverage of Prescribed Syllabus
Pre-requisites of a Question Paper
Time to be Allowed for Answering Questions
Allotment of Marks to Question Paper and Questions within a Test
Developing the Design of an Achievement Test
Editing or Formatting of the Achievement Test
Examples of Achievement Test
18. Item Analysis
Meaning of Item Analysis
Purpose or Need of Item Analysis
Methods of Item Analysis
Relation between Difficulty Level and Discrimination Power of an Item
Factors Influencing the Discrimination Power and Difficulty Level
Criteria for Item Selection and Rejection
Problems of Item Analysis
19. Unit-Test
Meaning of Unit Test
Construction of a Unit-test
Preparation of Blue-print
Preparation of Questions
Editing of Questions
Consolidation of Questions or Final Drafting
Preparation of Marking Scheme
Writing Instructions for Examinees
20. Content and Its Pedagogical Analysis
Aspects of Pedagogical Analysis
Utility of Pedagogical Analysis for Commerce Teachers
Definition
Types of Banks
Double Entry System
21. Lesson-Planning
Importance\Merits\Advantages of Lesson Planning
Precautions while Preparing the Lesson-Plan
Types of Lesson
Procedure in Planning the Lesson
Approaches to Lesson Planning
Bibliography